They shall not be forgotten Eles não serão esquecidos

These are the 20 Portuguese military personnel that have paid, with their own blood, the ultimate price serving in Peace Support Operations. They shall not be forgotten!

Estes são os 20 militares Portugueses que pagaram, com o seu próprio sangue, o preço derradeiro ao serviço das Operações de Apoio à Paz. Eles não serão esquecidos!

1992

Private (OR1) – Fernando Silva Teixeira – Soldado

1995

Staff Sergeant (OR6) – Américo Oliveira Dias – Primeiro-sargento

1996

Private First Class (OR3) –Alcino Lázaro Mouta – Primeiro-cabo

Private First Class (OR3) – Francisco Ressureição Barradas – Primeiro-cabo

Specialist/Corporal (OR4) – Manuel Janeiro Gonçalves – Cabo-adjunto

Private (OR1) – Ricardo Borges Souto – Soldado

Private First Class (OR3) – Rui Reis Tavares – Primeiro-cabo

1998

Staff Sergeant (OR6) – António Pires Batista – Primeiro-sargento

Captain (OF2) – Álvaro Garcia Costa – Capitão

2000

Private (OR1) – José Gonçalves Lopes – Soldado

Staff Sergeant (OR6) – José Moreira Fernandes – Primeiro-sargento

2002

Private (OR1) – Diogo Dantas Ribeirinho – Soldado

Major-General (OF7) – Paulo Pereira Guerreiro – Major-general

2004

Private (OR1) – Ricardo Pombo Valério – Soldado

2005

Staff Sergeant (OR6) – João Roma Pereira – Primeiro-sargento

2007

Private (OR1) – Sérgio Oliveira Pedrosa – Soldado

2010

Private First Class (OR3) – José Madeira Bernardino – Cabo-adjunto

Sergeant First Class (OR7) – Hermenegildo Almeida Marques – Sargento-ajudante

2012

Second Lieutenant (OF1) – Daniel Varela Simões – Alferes

2017

Sergeant First Class (OR7) – Gil Paiva Benido – Primeiro-sargento

Their names are craved of the Fortress of Bom-Sucesso, in Lisbon, which is the house of the Combatant’s Museum of the Portuguese Veterans’ League.

Os seus nomes estão gravados na parede do Forte do Bom-Sucesso, em Lisboa, sede do Museu do Combatente, da Liga dos Combatentes Portuguesa.

“É mais fácil desintegrar um átomo do que um preconceito!”

O Afeganistão parece estar a começar a mudar. Mesmo dentro da liderança dos insurreccionistas, nota-se uma postura distinta de há uns anos atrás, buscando uma possível solução para um conflicto que se arrasta há décadas. Qualquer solução terá de levar cerca de 30 anos ver resultados, porque é o tempo necessário para uma nova geração nascer, aprender e crescer no novo sistema. Gradualmente as crianças irão passar à fase adulta e a tomar decisões sobre o destino das suas vidas e do seu país. Os jovens têm de ter a possibilidade de expressar os seus ideais, lealdades e oposições através do combate político.

Se não houver possibilidade de discussão de ideias, com oposição e divergência política, passa a haver resistência e conflitualidade armada.

Por debaixo de cada burca há uma moça que quer usar blue jeans e quer ir à escola

Se alguma coisa a comunidade internacional fez bem no Afeganistão, foi o investimento massivo nas escolas e na educação de rapazes e raparigas.

As sociedades não progridem com rituais, mas sim com inovação. Contudo, isso não é uma tarefa fácil porque, como dizia Albert Einstein:

“É mais fácil desintegrar um átomo do que um preconceito!”

UN field operations’ attire in Afghanistan

Back in UNAMA – Afghanistan – pending on the job to be done and the audience waiting to hear you, the military advisers would wear uniform or dress civilian cloths. In the latter case, the old saying “When in Rome do like the Romans” would be applicable .. with the necessary adaptations.

UN Military Advisers (MILAD) and UN Military Observers (UNMO), by definition, do not carry weapons. The rational is that an unarmed officer does not pose a threat to anyone, and they are more likely to be accepted by the warring factions in order to engage in negotiation meetings.

Should the meeting be with Afghan Armed Forces, or NATO representatives, the MILAD would present himself wearing his/hers battlefield uniform; if the meeting would be with local ancients and religious authorities, a local civilian attire could be more appropriate. Not only the international military staff would look less aggressive; it was also the locals liked to see (a the Western officer respecting their traditions and way of living) and it had a security aspect in it. In regions where the insurgency was particularly active, the presence of unarmed foreigners in military uniform could attract unwanted attention to the rest of UN staff, jeopardizing the safety and security of the UN civilian personnel travelling with the Military Advisers, and the success of the mission .

It was not a perfect solution, but then again … “perfection is a Divine task, we only sought excellency“.

UN Azul versus UN Negra

Poucos se terão dado conta que, nas missões no terreno, existem duas ONUs: A ONU Azul e a ONU Negra. Pelo menos é assim que pensam muitos dos autóctones, nos vários territórios onde a Organização mantém uma presença por esse Mundo fora.

A razão dessa diferenciação junto das populações está na caracterização das viaturas da instituição, em que umas têm as letras UN escritas a azul claro e outras têm-no em preto.

Esta imagem possuí um atributo alt vazio; O nome do arquivo é un-azul-e-negra.jpg

Mas a opção cromática não é aleatória; ela efectivamente identifica diferentes entidades dentro da “família UN”. Assim, os veículos ao serviço das agências e programas da ONU que prestam apoio direto às populações; tipo: – o Programa das Nações Unidas para o Desenvolvimento (PNUD – UNDP); o Fundo das Nações Unidas para a Infância (UNICEF); ou o Alto Comissariado das Nações Unidas para os refugiados (UNHCR) – todos têm as inscrições “UN” impressas em azul claro. Por outro lado, os veículos das missões da ONU implementadas pelo Conselho de Segurança; como por exemplo: – a UNAMA (Afeganistão); a MINUSCA (Rep. Centro Africana); ou a MINUSMA (Mali) – têm essas letras impressas a negro.

O problema é que a população apercebe-se disso e reage em conformidade. Os carros da “UN Azul” são sinónimo de ajuda e, portanto, são bem recebidos; enquanto os carros da “UN Negra”, dependendo da situação, são sinónimo de inspeção, ou interferência (militar) estrangeira, e nem sempre são bem recebidos – especialmente em zonas de insurgência ou dominadas por “senhores da guerra”.

Independentemente da coloração dos seus carros, a presença da ONU ou é desejada ou é repudiada, …, mas nunca é indiferente. No Afeganistão os militares capacetes azuis andam fardados e desarmados no meio da população, e ainda só tiveram uma baixa … a NATO (ISAF/RS) tem uma outra realidade e outros números de baixas a lamentar.

Mission Stories – Boutrus Ghali imposes respect on UN (Bosnia 1995)

One day, back in UNPROFOR 1995, we’ve learned about an awkward, but funny, story coming from another UN Military Observers’ team, stationed down in the southern part of the Krajina – Croatia.  Allegedly, that town’s local police had received a formal complaint against “Boutrus Ghali” – the UN Secretary-General. According to the complainer:

– “Boutros Ghali is not to be trusted, because “he” has the tendency to bite people on their way into the UN building.”

 After an initial stupefaction, the scene became clear. That town had a UNMO team which lived on a rented house. There was a fence around the house and the team had adopted a dog and, affectionately, named it “Butruos Gali”; being careful not to write the dog’s name in the same way of the UN’s Secretary-General (but the pronunciation was the same). Butros was a nice little mascot, always playing in the front yard of the UNMO Team House, where the UN flag was flying on a pole. In time, the little dog became a large Mastiff, with protective instincts regarding the UNMO officers and their House. No stranger should enter into the UN fence without prior announcement at the gate, in order for the dog to be kept away. It was a simple procedure, which had been working for a long time with no problems. There was even a sign at the gate saying (in Serbo-Croatian and in English):

– “Caution with the dog, announce yourself!”

One day, a gentleman (the complainer) with “less clarified” intentions, decided to enter the UNMO house, during the night, without ringing the main gate’s bell, or yelling to announce his presence. Half way into the front yard, the gatecrasher had and “encounter of the third degree” with Butros Gali. Realizing he had committed a big mistake, the trespasser rune back to the gate, not without being bitten on his “gluteus maximums” before reaching the door.

The ridiculousness of that situation was that, while reporting the occurrence to the police, the “complainer” never referred he had been bitten by a watchdog, but instead referred to the animal by its name – Butros Gali. The complainer ended his denouncement with an inconsequent demand, which, out of the context, was even more hilarious:

– “Boutros Ghali should be firmly tied with a chain to a Security post.”

Off course nothing happen and the police officers ended up interrogating that gentleman about what was he doing at night, entering the UN house without announcing himself?

As for that UNMO team, they decided to substitute the sign at the gate. The new one simply said:

 – “CAUTION – Don’t fuck around with Butros Gali!

The other Boutros Ghali, the real one, was actually a very nice and sympathetic person, known by everyone as “Uncle Broutos”, incapable of biting anybody. Nevertheless, in Belgrade, this episode raised the moral of all UNMO officers; because, for once the UN imposed some respect in the mission area.

Butros Gali imposes respect on UN

It was a pity that it was done by the wrong Boutrus Ghali.

Portuguese Air Force Memorial in Siauliai

Throughout the History, the Portuguese have always left their mark wherever they’ve traveled all over the World. It’s a cultural thing … we can’t help it. Having said that, it should have come with no surprise, back in 2007, when the Portuguese Air Force contingent in Siauliai – Lithuania – decided to leave a mark of their presence 3000 kilometers away from their home, during their Baltic Air Police mission.

Like every other international contingent, the Portuguese left several souvenirs inside the Airbase; but that was not enough. It needed to be something they would share with the local population; something the Lithuanian Air Force and the Portuguese Air Force had in common … both insignias were crosses. The Portuguese detachment would offer a Cross – their Cross – to Siauliai, and what better place to do it if not the “Hill of Crosses” of Siauliai.

The nice surprise was that, when the Portuguese personnel asked permission to the Lithuanian authorities to place their cross in the Hill of Crosses, the answer was:

 – “Yes but, …, will wish to make it officially and we will send the Lithuanian Armed Forces highest religious authority – the Bishop – to bless your Templar Cross”.  

Lithuanian Armed Forces Bishop blessing the Portuguese Air Force Cross

A proper military ceremony, simple but full of meaning and dignity, was organized, and it did not have a fly-by with Portuguese F-16 because the weather conditions did not permit it.

The “Hill of Crosses” is a peregrination site, located about 15 kilometers from down town Siauliai. Nowadays it is a touristic place, but it all started as a “resistance” expression against the Russian expansionist attitude. Later, during the Soviet domination of the Baltic States, Siauliai population restarted to place crosses in that deserted place, contradicting the Soviet anti-religion posture, in memorial of the Lithuanians that were deported to Siberia by the Soviet authorities. During the day the authorities would remove the crosses, but during the night the population would put new ones and its number increased considerably throughout the times.

the manufacturers at the main gate of AT-1 – Lisbon

The Portuguese Air Force Cross was prepared by military and civilian staff on volunteer work, and it is made of metal and painted with the very same ink used on the aircraft. It was constructed in the military part of Lisbon Airport – AT-1 – and flown to Siauliai on board of the C-130 that carried the combat logistic support for the 4 Portuguese F-16 deployed in that Airbase.

Operação Althea da União Europeia (EUFOR)

No dia 2 de Dezembro de 2004, após negociações em Berlim, a Aliança Atlântica reduziu a sua presença na Bósnia para um contingente mínimo de um Quartel-General dedicado a tarefas de modernização das Forças Armadas da Bósnia Herzegovina, e a União Europeia passou a tomarconta das operações militares através da EUFOR. A operação EUFOR, cujo efectivo multinacional tinha cerca de 7.500 militares, denominou-se ALTHEA, numa alusão à Deusa mitológica que curava as feridas de guerra dos guerreiros Gregos. A missão da EUFOR consistia em passar gradualmente todas as responsabilidades de um Estado soberano da Comunidade Internacional de novo para o Governo da Bósnia Herzegovina, e dar o apoio necessário à Comunidade Internacional que se encontra a operar no Teatro de Operações. Com o tempo, a EUFOR reduziu gradualmente o seu efectivo, mantendo até finais da década de 2010 uma presença de militares e GNRs Portugueses no terreno.

O grosso das forças da Althea estava estacionado no famoso “Camp Butmir”, em Sarajevo, o qual ao longo dos tempos teve uma utilização militar bastante intensa, com particular incidência na Guerra da Bósnia por parte das forças Sérvias.

Camp Butmir – Sarajevo

Durante o primeiro semestre de 2008, cumprindo criteriosamente o calendário estabelecido por Bruxelas, a EUFOR transferiu para as Forças Armadas da Bósnia Herzegovina (BiH) grande parte das funções das funções militares que lhe tinham sido confiadas pela Comunidade Internacional, das quais se realçam a Transferência do Controlo de Movimento de Armas e Material Militar dentro da Bósnia e Herzegovina, a Transferência de Autoridade da Guarda e Supervisão dos Paióis Militares na Bósnia e Herzegovina, a Transferência de Autoridade das Inspecções de Armas e Explosivos na Bósnia e Herzegovina e a Transferência de Autoridade da Gestão do Espectro Electromagnético nas Bandas Militares. Desta forma, a EUFOR aproximou-se do seu próprio “END STATMENT”, restando-lhe pouco mais do que a sua vertente “European Gendarmerie – International Police Unit (IPU)”, onde operava um plotão de militares da GNR.

Desta forma, o conflito da ex-Jugoslávia, e a sua posterior resolução, contou com a presença de militares Portugueses, durante cerca de 20 anos, tendo servido sob as bandeiras das Nações Unidas, da (antiga CEE) Comunidade Europeia, da Aliança Atlântica e, posteriormente, União da União Europeia.

Abstract art in flight plans

Back in 1992, during my UN mission in Angola to support the Country first free elections, I had to manage a small fleet of aircraft operating from Luena’s airfield in the Province of Moxico.

It was a busy and challenging activity, with lots of constrains and a myriad of solution to overtake the difficulties.

One of the restrictions I faced was the language barrier. Most of the UN rented air assets’ crews were Russian, and they did not speak a word of Portuguese, French or English. However, every morning, after I returned from the coordination meetings at the provincial electoral committee, I had to assign each air crew with their flight orders, telling them where to fly and what to carry in each leg of the flight.

We ended-up establishing a “cartoon” based flight plan format, which was easily understood by everybody. I would draw in a small strip of paper a scheme of arrows, names, numbers, cubes and puppets, such as:

– “ UN#05 21/09/92 – 10 X puppet draw + 5 X cube draw = 150 kg– Luena 08H10 ↑ (arrow up) Ngugi –» (arrow back) Luena↓ (arrow down) // signature (to validate)”

This would translate into:

-“The Helicopter UN 05, on the 21st of September 1992, will carry 10 passengers and a cargo of 5 packages of electoral material which is estimated to weight approximately 150 kilograms; from Luena airfield to Ngugi village. Estimate take-off time from Luena at 08:10. After the deliver return to Luena airfield for a full stop landing”

These were the simple airtasks, for more elaborate patterns my drawings seemed like an abstractionist painting of Volpi.

It looks ridiculous … but it worked … at least in 95% of the flights.

A major difficulty was that, in 1992, the GPS was a new technology and not all Russian helicopter crews were familiar with it. The other limitation was that the available aeronautical charts of Angola were Russian made. Its quality was outstanding … but all the locations were written in Cyrillic, with a Russian interpretation of the how the local names sounded like. That complied us making a table of conversion of all the major Provincial locations from the local nomination into the Russian (Cyrillic) version and had the coordinates to it.  For example, Ngugi, in their charts, was written Hгущи.

With the table and my drawing … of they went and the end result was a major success.

Sarajevo’s old church

There is an Orthodox Christian Temple in town, they said it was the oldest Orthodox Temple in that region of the Balkans, and it was just one kilometer away from the UN Military Observers (UNMO) rented house, close to the historical part of Sarajevo.  It was a small temple, but it had the most interesting story to tell.

In the beginning of the Ottoman occupation of Bosnia, before 1500 AD, the ruling Sultan decided to demonstrate his benevolence to the locals and authorized the construction of small Christian worship site. However, he had two conditions regarding that shrine’s construction.  According to the legend, the Sultan called the leader of the Christian community and said:

– “I will allow you to construct a Christian temple, but it cannot be taller than the lowest mosque of Sarajevo, and it has to fit inside a cow’s skin.”

The Sultan was obviously thinking of a small wooden made shrine. Something limited to a cross and an altar, under a roof porch, where the believers would have to pray out on the open, facing the altar. He was benevolent, no doubts, be still, it was an extremely modest offer.

However, the locals did not give-up the idea of constructing a proper church; as small as it had to be. They killed and skinned the largest cow they found, and they’ve cut the skin into an unbroken spiral thin string.  Then, they laid the string on the ground, forming a rectangular shape, and they marked its corners in the soil. That way, they defined an area for the Temple that would “fit inside a cow’s skin”.

The second condition – “it cannot be taller than the lowest mosque” – was also a challenge. Because the church was going to be small, they needed to have an upper gallery to fit more people during the Eucharistic service. The solution was to go down and start construction from below ground level. They dug the inside of the skin in such a way that the ground floor of the church was actually on the basement level. That way, the upper gallery was just above ground level and a third level (the tower) was still below the lowest minaret in Sarajevo.

The entire building was made of stone, which was another thing the Sultan was not expecting. The Sultan was speechless when he saw the final work. He realized that the locals did not disrespect his instructions; they had just maneuvered around his words in a very clever way; therefore, he authorized the temple to remain, and that was, indeed, a benevolent decision.

Coincidentally, the temple, located just behind the Sarajevo National library, was not damaged by the 1992-1995 war, because it was shadowed by the Library’s building, and all its religious art assets and Orthodox Icons are still intact.

Nowadays, when the visitor enters that spectacular Temple, he/she sees that the ground floor is not at the expected level, and he/she a sees is a set of stairs going down to an open basement, where the altar his. At the doors’ level, to the left and to the right, a small set of stairs leads the visitor to the gallery around the walls of the church, for people to assist the mass from up above.

With the passing of time, the original infrastructure has also suffered some modifications, and further constructions around the original church were made, in order for it to become an Orthodox monastery.  However, the original temple has been preserved and its History can be witnessed at the site.

Crie um site como este com o WordPress.com
Comece agora